The Holy Trinity—Master List V2
by Artison Rex
The Biblical Doctrine of the Trinity: An Exhaustive Reference
The doctrine of the Trinity is rooted in the Bible's affirmation of monotheism—that there is only one true and living God—and yet it simultaneously reveals three distinct Persons who are fully and equally God: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This is not a contradiction but a mystery consistent with the scriptural witness.
I. The Foundation: Monotheism
• Deuteronomy 6:4 – "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one."
• Isaiah 43:10 – "Before me no god was formed, nor shall there be any after me."
• Isaiah 44:6 – "I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god."
• Isaiah 45:5-6, 21-22 – "I am the LORD, and there is no other, besides me there is no God."
• Mark 12:29-32 – Jesus affirms the Shema: "The Lord our God, the Lord is one."
• 1 Timothy 2:5 – "For there is one God..."
II. The Deity of Each Divine Person
A. The Father is God
• John 6:27 – "The Father, who has set his seal on him."
• 1 Peter 1:2 – "According to the foreknowledge of God the Father..."
• Romans 1:7 – "Grace to you and peace from God our Father."
• Galatians 1:1 – "God the Father, who raised him from the dead."
B. Jesus Christ is God
• John 1:1 – "The Word was God."
• John 1:14 – "The Word became flesh and dwelt among us."
• John 1:18 – "The only God, who is at the Father's side, he has made him known."
• John 20:28 – Thomas: "My Lord and my God!"
• Romans 9:5 – "Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever."
• Titus 2:13 – "Our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ."
• 2 Peter 1:1 – "Our God and Savior Jesus Christ."
• Hebrews 1:8 – "But of the Son he says, 'Your throne, O God, is forever and ever.'"
• Philippians 2:6 – "Though he was in the form of God..."
• Colossians 1:15-17 – "In him all things were created."
• Colossians 2:9 – "In him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily."
C. The Holy Spirit is God
• Acts 5:3-4 – Lying to the Holy Spirit is lying to God.
• 1 Corinthians 3:16 – "God's Spirit dwells in you."
• 2 Corinthians 3:17 – "The Lord is the Spirit."
• Hebrews 9:14 – "The eternal Spirit."
• Psalm 139:7-8 – Omnipresence of the Spirit.
• Some quotes in the Old Testament spoken by Yahweh are said (in the NT) to have been spoken by the Holy Spirit (Acts 28:25-27; Heb. 10:15-17)
III. Distinction of Persons
• John 5:20, 30, 32, 37 – The Father and the Son are not the same person.
• John 14:16 – Jesus will ask the Father to send another Helper.
• John 15:26 – The Spirit proceeds from the Father, sent by the Son.
• John 17:5 – Jesus speaks of the glory he had with the Father before the world existed.
• Matthew 3:16-17 – At Jesus' baptism: the Father speaks, the Son is baptized, the Spirit descends.
IV. Unity of the Three Persons
• Matthew 28:19 – "Baptizing them in the name [singular] of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit."
• 2 Corinthians 13:14 – "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit."
• Ephesians 4:4–6 – "One Spirit... one Lord... one God and Father."
V. Interchange and Indistinction in Roles
• 1 Corinthians 10:9 – The Israelites tested Christ in the wilderness, though YHWH is the referent in Numbers.
• Romans 8:9 – Spirit of God and Spirit of Christ used interchangeably.
• Romans chapter 8 (whole chapter) all three referred to interchangeably.
• Acts 16:6–7 – The Holy Spirit and Spirit of Jesus guide Paul. Used interchangeably.
• 2 Corinthians 3:17–18 – "The Lord is the Spirit."
• 1 Peter 1:11 – The Spirit of Christ in the prophets.
VI. The Work of the Trinity
A. Creation
• Genesis 1:1–3, 26 – God creates, Spirit hovers, plural language used.
• Psalm 148:5 – Commanded by God, creation exists.
• John 1:1–3 – The Word created all things.
• Colossians 1:16 – All things created through and for the Son.
B. Revelation
• John 1:17-18 – The Son reveals the Father.
• John 16:13-15 – The Spirit glorifies the Son, sent by the Father.
• Mark 13:11 – The Holy Spirit speaks through believers.
• 2 Corinthians 13:3 – Christ speaks in Paul.
• Hebrews 1:1-2 – God spoke through the Son.
C. Sanctification
• Hebrews 2:11 – Jesus as sanctifier.
• 1 Peter 1:2 – Sanctification of the Spirit.
• Jude 1 – Sanctified by the Father and preserved in Jesus.
D. Supplying Ministers
• Jeremiah 3:15; 26:5 – God gives shepherds.
• Matthew 5:10 – Blessed are the persecuted for righteousness.
• Acts 13:2 – The Holy Spirit sets apart Paul and Barnabas.
• Acts 20:28 – The Spirit appoints overseers.
• Ephesians 4:11 – Christ gives apostles, prophets, etc.
E. Prayer and Access to God
• John 14:14 – Prayer in Jesus’ name.
• Ephesians 1:6; 2:18; 6:18 – Access to the Father through the Son by the Spirit.
F. Confirmation and Presence
• Matthew 3:16–17 – Father speaks, Son baptized, Spirit descends.
• Matthew 17:5 – Transfiguration: Father affirms Son.
G. Salvation
• John 6:63 – The Spirit gives life.
• 1 Corinthians 6:11, 19-20 – Washed, justified in the name of the Lord Jesus and by the Spirit.
• Ephesians 1:7–9 – Redemption in Christ, purpose of the Father.
• 2 Thessalonians 2:13–14 – Chosen by God, sanctified by the Spirit, called through the gospel.
• Titus 3:4–6 – Saved by the mercy of God, through the washing of rebirth by the Holy Spirit.
• 1 Peter 1:2 – Chosen by the Father, sanctified by the Spirit, sprinkled by the blood of Christ.
VII. Reflections on the Trinity vs. Unitarianism
The vast and cohesive scriptural evidence points not toward a polytheistic view of separate divine beings, nor a modalistic confusion of roles, but to a complex unity—one God in three co-eternal, co-equal persons. Attempts to affirm only the deity of the Father while still calling Jesus "God" result in philosophical contradictions or a slide into functional polytheism.
Trinitarianism is not heathen; it is the most faithful and biblically consistent view of the one God revealed in Scripture.
The early Church Fathers universally affirmed this faith:
• Ignatius of Antioch (c. 110 AD): "Jesus Christ our God."
• Justin Martyr (c. 150 AD): "The Word... being God."
• Tertullian (c. 200 AD): Coined the term Trinitas (Trinity).
• Athanasius (4th Century): Defended the full deity of the Son and the Spirit.
Conclusion: The doctrine of the Trinity is not an invention of philosophy or creeds—it is the testimony of the whole of Scripture, rightly understood.
“The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.” – 2 Corinthians 13:14
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The Biblical understanding of the Trinity is founded on strict Monotheism~there is only one true God. (Dt 6:4;Is 43:10;44:6; etc.)
Yet, the Bible teaches and recognizes the Father as God (Jn 6:27; 1 Pe 1:2, etc)
The Lord Jesus Christ as God (Jn 1:1,14,18;20:28;Ro 9:5; Ti 2:13; 2 Pt 1:1; Heb 1:8, etc)
The Holy Spirit is recognized as God (Ax 5:3-4; 1 Cor 3:16)
These three are distinct individuals or persons
•the Father and Son are distinct (Jn 5:20,32,37;17:5)
•the Father and Son are distinct from the Spirit (Jn 14:16; 15:26)
These three are unified (Mt 28:19; also~3:12-16; 2 Cor 13:14)
●There exists some indistinction/interchange between the three:
•Jesus and the Father 1 Cor 10:9
•Between all 3 Rom 8:9
•Jesus and the Holy Spirit Ax 16:6-7 2Cor 3:17-18; 1 Pt 1:11
The Work of the Trinity~
Author of all Spiritual Operations 1 Cor 12:11; Col 1:29; Heb 13:21
Creator Gen 1:1-3,26;Ps 148:5;Jn 1:1-3;Col 1:16
Inspiring people to speak Mk 13:11;2 Cor 13:3; Heb 1:1
Sanctifier Heb 2:11; 1 Pt 1:2; Jude 1
Supplying ministers to the Church Jer 3:15;26:5; Mt 5.10; Ax 13:2; 20:28; Eph 4:11
Trinity works together in Revelation of God's truth Jn 1:17-18;16:13
Trinity works together in prayer Jn 14:14; Eph 1:6;2:18;6:18
Trinity works together in confirmation Mt 3:16-17
Trinity works together in salvation Jn 6:63; 1 Cor 6:19-21; Eph 1:7-9; 2 Thes 2:13-14; Ti 3:4-6; 1 Pt 1:2
As far as I can tell the Trinity is the best explanation of the references and information above.
I personally think there's just too much evidence that seems to work in favor of it, including quotes from the early Church Fathers and it's early formulation.
Also, on the flip side; I feel the Unitarian whether admitted or not has some problem with Polythiesm. If both Jesus and the Father can rightly be called "God" it seems to me those who affirm it, have an issue to one varying degree or other with a Polythiestic Pantheon where there is one Ultimate God but lesser Deities. This; to my mind, is far more 'heathen' than the Trinity could ever be.
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God is one Deut. 6:4
1.) Yet, the word "one" means one in unity as well as one in number. It means unity in John 10:30; 1 Jo 5:7; John 17:11,21-23 yet the 3 persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are spoken of as one in number and individuality. There is one God, the Father, one Lord Jesus Christ, and one Holy Spirit (1 Cor.8:6; Eph. 4:3-6)
The Father being called God (1 Cor. 8:6) the Son is called God (Is. 9:6; Heb 1:8; John 1:1-2,18;20:28) and the Holy Spirit is called God (Acts 5:3-4) Thus, there are 3 separate persons in divine individuality and divine plurality. As individuals they can rightly be called God and as a collective they can be spoken of and referred to as God. The word "God" is used either as a singular or plural word, like "sheep."
2.) Names/Titles of God prove a plurality of persons. The Hebrew word Elohim is the word for God in Ge 1:1 & in nearly 2600 other places in the OT. It is a uniplural noun meaning "Gods" and is so translated 210 times (Ge. 3:5; Ex. 22:28; 1 Sam 4:8; Dan 2:11; 4:6-9; 5:11,14, etc.) Sometimes elohim is used with plurality verbs and pronouns, "the Gods they caused me to wander" the monotheistic Abraham says in Ge. 20:13 and in Ge 35:7 it reads, "there the Gods appeared unto him"
3.) Plural pronouns are used of God, proving a plurality of persons (Gen. 1:26;3:22;11:7;Is 6:8;John 14:23;17:11,22-22)
4.) "Man has become like one of us" Gen. 3:22 shows a plurality of persons.
5.) God said, "let us make man in our image, after our likeness" Ge. 1:26 "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him..." proves a plurality of persons, "Let US MAKE in OUR image" - 3 plural pronouns, "we,us,our" are used 6 times in four different texts: (Gen 1:26;3:22;11:7;Is. 6:8) whoever is being addressed has the potential in creating and since Ge. 1:27 reads "God created" and uses the singular pronoun "his image" the plurality of God is proven.
(The unanimous opinion of the early church fathers was God was convening with Christ )
6.) 2 or 3 persons called God have been seen by the same men at the same time and place(s) yet as being seperate persons. (Gen. 16:7-11;18:1-3,5,9-22;Dan. 7:9-14; Mat 3:16-17; Jn 1:31-34; Ax 7:54-60; Rev. 6:16;7:9-17;21:22; 22:3)
7.) 2 YaHWeHs are mentioned in Gen. 19:24 one on earth and one in heaven. Compare to Is. 44:6 where 2 YHWH are also distinguished, "thus saith Jehovah, the King of Israel, and HIS Redeemer, Jehovah of hosts" (ASV Emphasis mine)
8.) Two persons are mentioned in the OT See Ps. 8:5-6 w/ Heb 2:5-18; Ps. 16:8-10 w/ Ax 2:25-36; Ps. 22:1-22 w/ Mat. 27:35,39-43,45-26; Heb. 9:14;10:5-12; Ps. 40:6-10 w/ Heb. 10:5-7; and Ps 45:6-7 w/ Heb 1:8-9
9.) 2 Lords are mentioned sitting side by side Ps. 110:1,5; Mt 22:44; 26:64; Ax 2:33-34;7:54-56;Ro 8:34; Eph. 1:20; Col. 3:1; Heb. 1:3,13;8:1;10:12;12:2; 1Pe 3:22; Rev. 22:3
10.)2 persons are required and mentioned to understand the plain language of Ps. 2 whole chapter; Pro 30:4; Is. 4:2;10:16-17;28:16;44:6;49:1-10;50:4-11;52:13-53:12; 62:11; Mic 5:1-5; Jer 23:4-8;33:14-26;Zech. 3:8-10;6:12-13 In these passages one is anointed, becomes the Son of/is the Son of, is set by, is taught by, and serves the other; yet both are called YHWH, and or Lord
11.) Three self acting persons- YHWH Jehovah God, the Christ, and the Holy Spirit, are all referred to as blessing, anointing, sending and serving or doing things for one another. Ps. 110:1+Ax 2:34-35; 1 Cor. 15:25; Heb. 1:13; Is. 11:2;42:1-7;48:16;59:21;61:1-2;63:1-14;Zech. 12:10-13:2; Lk 24:49; Ax 16:7
12.)Zech. 1:7-21 Jehovah and the angel of Jehovah (also called Lord), 1:19-20;2:1-13) are talking together. One Lord says to the other Lord that he has sent him to Israel (2:8-13) one Lord refers to himself as me and to Jehovah of hosts as his and he (2:8-11) the conference continues throughout Zechariah until 13:6-7 where both Lords are called "fellows" or "associate"
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The following quotes show that the doctrine of the Trinity was indeed alive-and-well before the Council of Nicea:
Polycarp (70-155/160). Bishop of Smyrna. Disciple of John the Apostle.
“O Lord God almighty . . . I bless you and glorify you through the eternal and heavenly high priest Jesus Christ, your beloved Son, through whom be glory to you, with Him and the Holy Spirit, both now and forever” (n. 14, ed. Funk; PG 5.1040).
Justin Martyr (100?-165?). He was a Christian apologist and martyr.
“For, in the name of God, the Father and Lord of the universe, and of our Savior Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Spirit, they then receive the washing with water” (First Apol., LXI).
Ignatius of Antioch (died 98/117). Bishop of Antioch. He wrote much in defense of Christianity.
“In Christ Jesus our Lord, by whom and with whom be glory and power to the Father with the Holy Spirit for ever” (n. 7; PG 5.988).
“We have also as a Physician the Lord our God Jesus the Christ the only-begotten Son and Word, before time began, but who afterwards became also man, of Mary the virgin. For ‘the Word was made flesh.’ Being incorporeal, He was in the body; being impassible, He was in a passable body; being immortal, He was in a mortal body; being life, He became subject to corruption, that He might free our souls from death and corruption, and heal them, and might restore them to health, when they were diseased with ungodliness and wicked lusts.” (Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The ante-Nicene Fathers, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975 rpt., Vol. 1, p. 52, Ephesians 7.)
Irenaeus (115-190). As a boy he listened to Polycarp, the disciple of John. He became Bishop of Lyons.
“The Church, though dispersed throughout the whole world, even to the ends of the earth, has received from the apostles and their disciples this faith: . . . one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven, and earth, and the sea, and all things that are in them; and in one Christ Jesus, the Son of God, who became incarnate for our salvation; and in the Holy Spirit, who proclaimed through the prophets the dispensations of God, and the advents, and the birth from a virgin, and the passion, and the resurrection from the dead, and the ascension into heaven in the flesh of the beloved Christ Jesus, our Lord, and His manifestation from heaven in the glory of the Father ‘to gather all things in one,’ and to raise up anew all flesh of the whole human race, in order that to Christ Jesus, our Lord, and God, and Savior, and King, according to the will of the invisible Father, ‘every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth, and that every tongue should confess; to him, and that He should execute just judgment towards all . . . ‘” (Against Heresies X.l)
Tertullian (160-215). African apologist and theologian. He wrote much in defense of Christianity.
“We define that there are two, the Father and the Son, and three with the Holy Spirit, and this number is made by the pattern of salvation . . . [which] brings about unity in trinity, interrelating the three, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. They are three, not in dignity, but in degree, not in substance but in form, not in power but in kind. They are of one substance and power, because there is one God from whom these degrees, forms and kinds devolve in the name of Father, Son and Holy Spirit.” (Adv. Prax. 23; PL 2.156-7).
Origen (185-254). Alexandrian theologian. Defended Christianity and wrote much about Christianity.
“If anyone would say that the Word of God or the Wisdom of God had a beginning, let him beware lest he direct his impiety rather against the unbegotten Father, since he denies that he was always Father, and that he has always begotten the Word, and that he always had wisdom in all previous times or ages or whatever can be imagined in priority . . . There can be no more ancient title of almighty God than that of Father, and it is through the Son that he is Father” (De Princ. 1.2.; PG 11.132).
“For if [the Holy Spirit were not eternally as He is, and had received knowledge at some time and then became the Holy Spirit] this were the case, the Holy Spirit would never be reckoned in the unity of the Trinity, i.e., along with the unchangeable Father and His Son, unless He had always been the Holy Spirit.” (Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975 rpt., Vol. 4, p. 253, de Principiis, 1.111.4)
“Moreover, nothing in the Trinity can be called greater or less, since the fountain of divinity alone contains all things by His word and reason, and by the Spirit of His mouth sanctifies all things which are worthy of sanctification . . . ” (Roberts and Donaldson, Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 4, p. 255, de Principii., I. iii. 7).
Conclusion
If, as the anti-Trinitarians maintain, the Trinity is not a biblical doctrine and was never taught until the council of Nicea in 325, then why do these quotes exist? The answer is simple: the Trinity is a biblical doctrine, and it was taught before the council of Nicea in 325 A.D.
Part of the reason that the Trinity doctrine was not “officially” taught until the time of the Council of Nicea is that Christianity was illegal until shortly before the council. It wasn’t really possible for official Christian groups to meet and discuss doctrine. For the most part, they were fearful of making public pronouncements concerning their faith.
Additionally, if a group had attacked the person of Adam, the early church would have responded with an official doctrine of who Adam was. As it was, the person of Christ was attacked. When the Church defended the deity of Christ, the doctrine of the Trinity was further defined. Generally speaking, it usually takes some err for a position to 'have' to be articulated. The fact that the Nicene Council was overwhelming in agreement should lend some evidence to who is on the right side of the issue.
The early church believed in the Trinity as is evidenced by the quotes above, and it wasn’t necessary to really make them official. It wasn’t until errors started to creep in that councils began to meet to discuss the Trinity as well as other doctrines that came under fire.
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Christ "Anointed One"
A. Preexistence of:
Affirmed in OT- Ps. 2:7;Pr. 30:4; Dan 7:13; Mi 5:2
Confirmed by Christ-Jn 8:57-58;3:13;6:33,38,62;8:23;16:28;17:5
Proclaimed by Apostles-Jn 1:1-3,12,14,18; Col 1:15-19; Philp 2:6-8
John the Baptist taught-Jn 1:30 Other Passages relating~Is 9:6; Zec 12:10;13:7; 1 Cor. 10:4; 2 Cor. 8:9; Heb ch 1; 11:26; (Angel of YHVH?)
"In the beginning" Jn 1:1-3,12,14,18;17:5,24;Col 1:17; 1 Jn 1:1;2:14
"Descended from heaven" Jn 3:13,31-36; 6:38,39,62; 8:23
"Come from the Father" Jn 1:18; 3:16,17,34; 5:36-38; 6:29,38,46,57; 7:27-29; 8:42; 10:36; 13:3; 16:30; 17:5,8,18; 1 Jn 1:1-3
"Before Abraham was" John 8:56-58
B. Deity/Divinity of: His own testimony regarding- Jn 7:29; 8:12-21,25-47; 10:25-38; 14:1-24; 15:8-27; 16:15; 17:1-8
His own Scriptural citations regarding his Deity- Jacob's dream of YHVH Jn 1:50-51+Gen 28:13-17 Shepherd Ps 23:1;95:7-8+Jn 10:11,27-28 Word forever Mk 13:31+Ps 119:89+Is 40:8 Mouth of Infants praise Mt 21:15-16+Ps 8:1-2 Shared glory/equal honor Jn 17:5+Is 42:8+Jn 5:23 Immutable hand Is 43:13+Jn 10:28-30 Fount of living water Jer 2:13+Jn 4:10;7:37 Light Is 60:19-20+Jn 8:12+1Jn 1:5;Jam 1:17 Judge of all Ps 62:12;96:13; Joel 3:12; Is 62:11+Mt 16:27; 25:31-46; Jn 5:22-23+Zec 14:3+Ax 1:6-11
I AM Ex 3:14; Dt 32:39;Is 43:10+Jn 8:24,28,58;18:5-8 Bridegroom Is 62:5; Hos 2:16+Mt 25:1;Rev 21:1,9 First and Last Is 41:4;44:6;48:12;Rev 1:7-8?+Rev 1:17-18;2:8;22:12-16
Acknowledged by Christ Jn 20:28,29
Predicted in Scripture Is 9:6; Jer 23:5-6; Mi 5:2; Zec 12:9-10; Mal 4:5
Acclaimed by witnesses Jn 1:1-3,14,18;Mk 2:7-8; Lk 5:21-22; Jn 5:18;10:33
Affirmed by Apostles-Ro 9:5; Phil 2:5-6; Col 1:16-17; 2:9; Ti 2:13; 2 Pt 1:1; Heb 1:8-10
•Creator Jn 1:1-4,10; 1 Cor 8:6; Eph 3:9; Col 1:16-17; Heb 1:2;8:10; Rev 3:14
•Equality with God Jn 5:17,18,23;10:30,38; 12:44-45; 14:6-11;15:23;17:10,21-23; 2 Cor 5:19; Phil 2:5-6; Col 1:15; 2:9; Heb 1:3-4, 10-12; 13:8
•Mutuality with God Mt 11:27; Jn 5:17,18,23-27,37,43; 12:44-45; 14:23; 16:23-32; 17:9-12; 2 Thes 1:2; 1 Ti 1:2
•Called God Is 7:14+Mt 1:23; Is 9:6; Jer 23:5-6; 33:16; Mt 4:7; Jn 1:1-4; 10:33; 20:28; Ax 20:28; Ro 9:5; Col 1:15,19; 2:9; 1 Ti 3:16; Ti 1:3;2:13; 2 Pt 1:1; He 1:8,10; 1 Jn 5:20
Called YHVH Is 40:3+Mt 3:3; Mk 1:1-3;Lk 3:4; Jn 1:23 Jacob's dream of YHVH Jn 1:50-51+Ge 28:13-17 YHVH's glory Is 6:1-3+Jn 12:41 YHVH first and last Is 41:4;44:6;48:12-16+Rev 1:17;2:8;22:12-16 YHVH Rock Ps 18:2; Is 44:8 cf Is 8:14; Dt 32:37+1Cor 10:4; 1 Pt 2:6+Is 8:14 Call on YHVH Joel 2:32+Ax 7:59-60; Rom 10:12-13; 1 Cor 1:2 Confessed as YHVH Is 45:23+Phil 2:9-11
YHVH our righteousness Jer 23:5-6+1 Cor 1:30 YHVH pierced Zech 12:10+Jn 19:34-37
YHVH praised by Infants Ps 8:1-2+Mt 21:15-16
YHVH ascended on high Ps 68:18+Eph 4:7-10
YHVH Creator Heb 1:10-12 + Ps 102:25-27
Inferred as YHVH: By works~ Calming Storm Mt 8:23-27; Mk 4:39-41+Ps 107:28-29; 89:8-9 Walks on water Mk 6:48-51+Job 9:8 "I Am" Mt 14:27-33 "Why did you doubt?" Nu ch.14 Receives Worship
Forgives sin Mk 2:5-12+Is 43:25; Nu 14:19-20; Ps 25:18; 32:5; 85:2;Jer 31:34;36:3
Healer of Infirmities Ps 103:2-5; 147:3+Mt 12:15;15:30; Lk 4:18,40; 6:19 Feeding Crowd in wilderness Mk 6:31-44; Jn 6:1-14 also Mk 8:1-9+Ex ch. 16
By reference~Peter's plea,like Isias Lk 5:8-10+Is 6:5 Seek and save the Lost Ez 34:16+Lk 19:9-10
Forgiver of sins Lk 7:36-50 Good Shepherd John 10:11-13+Ez 34:2,4
King of Jews 1 Sam 8:6-7 + Mt 2:2;27:11
•Pilate's sign "Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews"~ acronym-acrostic YHVH - Yeshua HaNazaret VaMelek HaYehudim Jn 19:19+Zech 12:9-10
YHVH's fellow/associate Zech 13:7+Phil 2:6
YHVH for whose glory all things were created Pr 16:4+Col 1:16 YHVH Messenger of the Covenant Mal 3:1;4:5+ Lk 2:6-27
Yhvh judge of all Ps 96:13; + Rev 19:11-20
•As Warrior Ex 15:3; Ps 24:8+Rev 19:11
•Breathe of his mouth Is 11:4; Job 4:9 + 2 Thess 2:8; Rev 1:16; 2:12,16; Rev 19:15
•Faithful and True Rev 3:14; 19:11+21:5
•Blood on Garments Is 63:3+Rev 19:13
•Lord of Lords Dt 10:17; Dan 2:47;8:25 + Rev 17:14; 19:16; 1 Tim 6:15
Return to Mt Olivet Zech 14 +Ax 1
Lord of Glory Ps 24:7-8 +1 Cor 2:8;James 2:1
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Jesus "Yahweh Saves" (see note on "Christ")
As God–YHVH God's pictographic name meaning~"yood-hand" "hey-behold" "vav-nail" "hey-behold" since Hebrew is a verb first language–God's Name literally means, "Behold, the Hand; Behold, the Nail"
Yahweh as Creator (Ge ch1 [v26-27] Is 44:24;Jn 1:1-3,10; Col 1:16-17; Heb 1:1-3,8-12+Ps 102:24-27)
Taking Adam's blame for sin (Ge 3:12+Zech 12:10;Jn 19:19)
Eve believes she got a man YHVH[?] (Ge 4:1)
Adam's Genealogy prophetic names (Gen ch5) "the Blessed God shall come down"
Yahweh giving new law on Mount (Ex ch 19-20+Mt ch5-7) "God said"~ "But I say"(to add to God makes Him God)
Yahweh Word never passes away (Is 40:8+Mt 24:35)
Yahweh's Law a way of life and death (Dt 30:19;+Mt 7:13-14, 24-27)
Yahweh saving his people with mighty hand and outstretched arm (Dt 26:8+Jesus' life and crucifixion)
Yahweh feeding multitudes in wilderness (Ex ch16+Mt 14:13-21)
Yahweh dwelling with his people (Ex. 25:8; Ez. 37:27; Zec 2:10+Mt 1:23;Jn 1:1,14,18)
Yahweh commissions people to Promised Land (Ge ch28; Ju ch1+Mt 28:18-20;Jn 1:49-51)
Yahweh promises his presence in conquest (Ge ch 28;Ex 3:12;Josh 1:5; Mt 28:18-20)
Yahweh King over Israel (1 Sam 8:7; Is 44:6; Jn 19:19)•Pilate's sign "Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews"~ acronym-acrostic YHVH - Yeshua HaNazaret VaMelek HaYehudim (Jn 19:19+Zech 12:9-10)
Yahweh as Calming storms (Ps 89:8-9;107:23-30 +Mk 4:39-41)
Yahweh as walking on water (Job 9:8+Mt 14:22-33; Mk 6:48-51) •Jesus identifies and comforts with "I am" Ex 3:14;Is 51:12; 52:6 •Why did you doubt? -Peter/like Israel doubted God– Mt 14:30-31; Nu ch14 •recieves worship Mt 14:33
By reference~Peter's plea,like Isias Lk 5:8-10+Is 6:5
Yahweh Rejected (Ex 16:8;1 Sam 8:7+Is ch53;Jn 1:11)
Yahweh Shepherd (Ps 23:1; Jn 10:11)
Yahweh seated on Throne (Is 6:1-3 (10)+John 12:40,41+Rev 3:21;7:17)
Yahweh Stone of stumbling (Is 8:14;+1 Pt2:8)
Yahweh's teaching rejected (Dt 32:18;Jer 9:13 31:32+Jn 6:52-66)
Yahweh the God with us, (Is 7:14+Mt 1:23) Mighty God, Father of Eternity (Is 9:6;Mi 5:2;+Jn 1:1-3,10)
Yahweh alone who is God. (Is 44:24+Jn 1:1,18,50-51; 20:28) ~Savior(Is 43:11+Ax 4:12; Titus2:13) ~Rock (Is 44:8+1 Pe 2:6-8)
Yahweh who sends himself (Is 48:12-16; Zec 12:10)
Yahweh our Righteousness (Jer 23:5-6+1 Cor 1:30)
Yahweh seeks and saves lost (Ez 34:16+Lk 19:9-10)
Yahweh as Giving rest (Ex 33:14; Mt 11:28)
Yahweh source of life (Dt 30:20+Col 3:3-4)
Yahweh Healer of Infirmities (Ps 103:2-5; 147:3+Mt 12:15;15:30; Lk 4:18,40; 6:19)
Yahweh forgiver of sin (Mk 2:5-12+Is 43:25; Nu 14:19-20; Ps 25:18; 32:5; 85:2;Jer 31:34;36:31)
Yahweh Worker of Wonders (Ex 3:20; 4:8-9;15:11+Jn 2:1-12; 9:1-41)
Yahweh as Giving the Spirit (Jn14:26;15:26;16:7;20:22; 2Tim 1:7-9)
Yahweh as having his own people (Ez 37:23+Titus 2:11-14)
Yahweh vs. lawlessness (Barabas) chosen beside him (Ex ch 32; Lev 20:2-5; 2Ki 17:16; 21:6; Jer 32:35+Mt 27:16;Mk 5:17;Lu 23:18;Jn18:40; Ax 3:14)
Yahweh as First and Last (Is 44:6;48:12-16+Rev 1:17; 2:8; 22:13-16)
Yahweh as power over life and death (Gen 6:3; Dt 32:39; Jn 17:1-2; Rev 1:18)
Yahweh as upholding all things (Job 38:33-37;Ps 104:1-35;145:16-17; Ax 17:28+Col 1:16-20; Heb1:3)
Yahweh as Bridegroom (Is 62:5; Hos 2:16+Mt 25:1;Rev 21:1,9)
Yahweh as Comforter (Is 51:12;2 Cor 1:3-4;+Mt 11:28; Jn 14:18)
Yahweh as causing all things to work together for good (Ge 50:20; Book of Job;+Rev 2:10)
Yahweh ascended (Ps 68:18+Eph 4:7-10)
Yahweh from whom all blessings flow (Jam 1:17; Jn 14:14)
Taste and see Yahweh is good (Ps 34:8+ 1 Pe 2:3)
The Unchanging Yahweh (Mal 3:6+Heb 13:8)
Yahweh as all in all (1 Cor 15:28+Col 3:11; Eph 1:23)
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Angel of Yahweh
• Ge 16:8-14 Omniscience (tells Hagar about future descendants) Omnipotent (promises to make specific future occur) Recognized as God (Hagar calls the Angel "God who sees" Correlation to Christ (has familiar tenderness of Jesus in the Gospels. Like woman caught in adultery (Jn 8:1-11) Hagar has been misused and the Angel comes in understanding and sympathetic way
• Ge 22:11-12 speaks as God, identifies Himself as God (have not withheld your only son, from Me) Correlation with Christ (the Father sacrifices His Son to give eternal life Jn ch3)
• Ge 31:13 recalls Jacob's dream (Ge 28:12) where the Angel identifies Himself as "the God of Bethel" who revealed Himself previously to Jacob.
• Ex ch3 Identifies as God: If we weren’t told at the beginning this was an angel, we wouldn’t even know it. The rest of the narrative shows Moses speaking to God.
Recognized as God: Moses turns his face away because he is afraid to look upon God (verse 6).
Demands worship: The angel tells Moses to remove his shoes because the ground in the angel’s presence is holy.
Omniscience: The angel tells Moses he has heard the cries of the afflicted in Egypt (verse 7).
Omnipotence: The angel’s message is that he will use Moses to deliver his people. Throughout the exchange, the angel promises to display his power to Egypt.
Omnipresence: When Moses expresses doubt, the angel promises to be with him (verse 12).
Immutability: When the angel reveals the name of God as “I AM,” it signifies God’s timeless and unchangeable nature.
Correlation with Christ: Here we see the angel of the Lord demonstrating a characteristic we recognize from Jesus’ ministry. He is empowering Moses to release his people from bondage (Luke 4:16–21).
•Ex 14:19-20+13:21-22
Angel of Yahweh is a protector of the Israelites
Identified as God: At one moment the guiding phenomenon is linked to God, and later identified as the angel of the Lord.
Nu 22:22-35
Angel of Yahweh shows distinction from YHVH God here. Balaam is unable to see the Angel until is given vision to see.
Distinct from God: Here we see both God and the angel of the Lord as separate agents in the same story.
Identified as God: The angel identifies Balaam’s sin as a personal affront.
Sovereignty: The angel talks about potentially taking Balaam’s life, but it doesn’t appear to be an order. The comment is delivered in a way that indicates the angel’s own authority.
Jdg 2:1-5
Angel of the Lord points to himself as the one who delivered Israel from the Egyptians, is the keeper of Israel’s covenant, and requires obedience. As a consequence of their insubordination, the angel informs the Hebrew nation that he’s withdrawing his protection from them. Angel takes credit for what the entire Biblical witness associates with God.
Jdg ch 13
Sovereignty: The angel informs Manoah and his wife how he plans to use Samson.
Identified as God: Monoah recognizes that they have seen God (verse 22).
Accepts worship: When Manoah offers to sacrifice a goat to the angel, the angel tells him to sacrifice it to the Lord. But the author of Judges tells us that the angel only said that because Manoah didn’t understand who he was talking to (verses 15–16). When it’s all over and Manoah is worried about being killed for seeing God, his wife tells him “If the Lord had desired to kill us, He would not have accepted a burnt offering and a grain offering from our hands . . .” (verse 23).
Correlation with Christ: The angel of the Lord refuses to give Manoah his name because it is wonderful (or incomprehensible), which seems to hint to his identity as Wonderful, Counselor, and Mighty God (Isaiah 9:6).
1 Chr ch21
The Angel of Yahweh executes judgement over Jerusalem–a role associated with Jesus
Zech 1:12; 3:4
Correlation with Christ: Zechariah portrays the angel of the Lord as a mediator for Israel, an opponent of Satan, and a purifier of the righteous. These are all ministries associated with Jesus in the New Testament.
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Divinity of Jesus Christ in Early Christian Writings
He is Lord of all the world, to whom Hod said at the foundation of the world, "Let us make man after our image, and after our likeness." Barnabas (c.70-130, E),1.139.
Let us reverence the Lord Jesus Christ, whose blood was given for us. Clement of Rome (c.96, W), 1.11
God Himself was manifested in human form for the renewal of eternal life. Ignatius (c.105,E), 1.58
Continue in intimate union with Jesus Christ, our God. Ignatius (c.105,E), 1.68
I pray for your happiness forever in our God, Jesus Christ. Ignatius (c.105, E), 1.96
The Christians trace the beginning of their religion to Jesus the Messiah. He is called the Son of the Most High God. It is said that God came down from heaven. He assumed flesh and clothes Himself with it from a Hebrew Virgin. And the Son of God lived in a daughter of man. Aristides (c. 125, E), 9.265
Truly God Himself, who is Almighty, the Creator of all things, and invisible has sent from heaven, and placed among men, the One who is truth, and the Holy and incomprehensible Word...God did not, as one might have imagine, as one might have imagined, send to men any servant, angel or ruler....Rather, He sent the very Creator and Fashioner of all things–by whom He made the heavens...As a King sends his son, who is also a king, so God sent Him. He sent Him as God. Letter to Diognetus (c.125-200) 1.27.
Brethren, it is fitting that you should think of Jesus Christ as of God–as the Judge of the living and the dead. Second Clement (c.150), 7.517.
The Father of the Universe has a Son. And He, being the First Begotten Word of God, is even God. Justin Martyr (c 160, E), 1.184.
The above quotes were taken from: "A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs". David W. Bercot Hendrickson Publishers, 1998 pgs. 93-94
Justin Martyr quotes Jesus as God~
•"The Father of the universe has a Son, who also being the first begotten Word of God, is even God." (Justin Martyr, First Apology, ch 63)
• "Christ is called both God and Lord of hosts." (Dialogue with Trypho, ch, 36)
• Moreover, in the diapsalm of the forty-sixth Psalm, reference is thus made to Christ: 'God went up with a shout, the Lord with the sound of a trumpet."Dialogue with Trypho, ch 37
• "Therefore these words testify explicitly that He [Christ] is witnessed to by Him who established these things, as deserving to be worshipped, as God and as Christ." - Dialogue with Trypho, ch. 63.
• Justin Martyr in Chap. LXVI. He (Justin) Proves From Isaiah That God Was Born From A Virgin. (Chapter Title, Chap. LXVI)
•"And Trypho said, "You endeavor to prove an incredible and well-nigh impossible thing;[namely], that God endured to be born and become man...some Scriptures which we mention, and which expressly prove that Christ was to suffer, to be worshipped, and [to be called] God, and which I have already recited to you, do refer indeed to Christ." (Dialogue with Trypho, ch 68)
•[Trypho to Justin] "...you say that this Christ existed as God before the ages, and that He submitted to be born and become man"
•"Whence to God alone we render worship." (Justin Martyr, First Apology, ch 17) Yet, Justin says that they worship Jesus Christ as God. "Therefore these words testify explicitly that He [Christ] is witnessed to by Him who established these things, as deserving to be worshipped, as God and as Christ." - Dialogue with Trypho, ch. 63.
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