THE JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES AND JESUS CHRIST: A Biblical and Theological Appraisal By Bruce M. Metzger

The following is a classic article by renowned scholar Bruce Metzger. It was written 1953 and therefore not all of its criticism of the New World Translation applies to modern editions and revisions of the NWT.

THE JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES AND JESUS CHRIST: A Biblical and Theological Appraisal 

By Bruce M. Metzger

Dale Tuggy and the Biblical Basis of the Trinity by Robert M. Bowman Jr.

Robert M. Bowman Jr. is well known for being one of the best defenders of the doctrine of the Trinity among Evangelicals. Here are links to his articles where he deals with Unitarian Dale Tuggy's criticism of his defense of the doctrine.


Dale Tuggy and the Biblical Basis of the Trinity, Part 1: Are Essential Elements Missing?


Dale Tuggy and the Biblical Basis of the Trinity, Part 2: Is the Doctrine of the Trinity Incoherent?

The "Word of the Lord" in the Targums

Here's an interesting webpage I found that documents some of the places in the Targums where the "Word of the Lord" is either personified or is a stand in for YHVH. Showing again how the concept of a plurality of persons in God (the "Two Powers in Heaven" concept) was already floating around and in the radar screens of some Jews before the Christian era. From which the author of GJohn in all likelihood was alluding to and amplifying in chapter 1.

http://juchre.org/articles/word.htm

This was to explain and safeguard both the transcendence of YHVH on the one hand, and at the same time the immanence of YHVH on the other hand. A seemingly paradoxical reality of OT statements and theology. In the Christian concept of the Trinity it all makes sense and provides a satisfactory resolution to the seemingly contradictory data we find in the OT (e.g. two YHVHs in Gen. 19:24; or the three agents in Isa. 63 with YHVH, the Angel of YHVH and the Spirit of YHVH).

Jewish Scholars Who Argue For "Two Powers" in Pre-Christian Jewish Tradition

The following resources linked below are by Jewish scholars Daniel Boyarin and Alan F. Segal. Neither believe Jesus is the Jewish Messiah. Nevertheless they documents the fact that there were many (not all) Jews before, during and after the time of Jesus who believed in at least two persons who were Divine according to the Hebrew Scriptures.

The Gospel of the Memra: Jewish Binitarianism and the Prologue to John by Daniel Boyarin
[or HERE]


TWO POWERS IN HEAVEN Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism by Alan F. Segal
[I recommend the PDF version]

---

---

---

See also the following resources by Jewish believers in Jesus as Messiah

Christian William Henry Pauli's classic book, The Great Mystery; or, How Can Three Be One?

Arnold Fruchtenbaum's The Jewish Life of Christ; Twenty One (21) mp3 Lectures

Michael L. Brown's Answering Your Toughest Questions; (32 videos) introductory lectures

The Trinity in the Old Testament (Anthony Rogers on Christian Theology)

The Trinity in the Old Testament (Anthony Rogers on Christian Theology)

https://youtu.be/tHpBtR3XrZA

See Also Anthony Roger's Debate with Ijaz Ahmad:

Anthony Rogers vs. Ijaz Ahmad: Trinity in the Old Testament?

https://youtu.be/SfnNToPnYec
OR HERE
https://youtu.be/QB80_7BLBd0

A Study in Messianic Prophecy: A Conversation with Anthony Rogers
https://youtu.be/txdTu1iUYqQ

 EXCELLENT Articles by Anthony Rogers on the Trinity and Islam:

https://www.answering-islam.org/authors/rogers.html

Sample Articles by Anthony Rogers:

The Trinity in the Old Testament A Brief Summary of the Evidence

The Malak Yahweh:Jesus, the Divine Messenger of the Old Testament Part I

Missing the Mark:Unveiling Mark’s High Christology of Divine “Inclusion”

The “Heavenly” and “Earthly” Yahweh:A Trinitarian Interpretation of Genesis 19:24 Part I

The Case for Monogenēs Meaning "Only Begotten" is Mounting

I don't take a dogmatic stance on the meaning of monogenes . I'm open to either interpretation. However, it is interesting that the tide of scholarly consensus is slowly turning back to the traditional interpretation.


Let’s Go Back to ‘Only Begotten’ by Charles Lee Irons


Lee Irons has posted a summary of his unpublished paper on MONOGENES by Denny Burk


Μονογενής = ‘only begotten’? by Daniel B. Wallace


The Johannine Use of Monogenēs Reconsidered by J. V. Dahms



 Wayne Grudem Reverses His Views And Now Affirms that Monogenēs Usually Means "Only Begotten"
OR HERE


Monogenes: ‘only begotten’ or ‘one of a kind’? written by L. Brigden, Senior Editorial Consultant
https://www.tbsbibles.org/page/monogenes

Steve Hays' Excellent Critique of Dale Tuggy's Performance In His Debate with Michael Brown

Here's Steve Hays' excellent review of Dale Tuggy's part in his debate with Michael Brown

Tuggy v. Brown
https://triablogue.blogspot.com/2019/01/tuggy-v-brown.html

Note my comments in the combox. Which includes my blogpost where I've linked to materials where I've personally interacted with Dale Tuggy:

Interactions with Well Known Unitarian and Philosopher Dale Tuggy

Here's the debate itself:

https://youtu.be/Oi300_FvFz0

More relevant blogposts:

An Observation About the Tuggy-Brown Debate by James N. Anderson

Tuggy v. Brown by Steve Hays [same link at the top]

Who's the only true God? by Steve Hays

Your throne, O God, is forever and ever by Steve Hays

Praying to Jesus by Steve Hays

Is John 8:58 about predestination rather than preexistence? by Steve Hays